Participants of genocide and their role: - Members of the Presidential guard and small bands of extremists (first killing) - Groups of Interhamwe and Impuzamugambi coordinate - solders and police kill systematically - military (initiator and director) - Provincial leaders/Local councils (provide weapon and urge people to kill) - clergy/priest - government officials urge people to take refuge in designated places like churches and public buildings -> easier for killer to kill(most people were killed in churches than any other place)